Synchronization and backup programs

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This page lists and compares applications that synchronize data between two or more locations, and those that build on top of such functionality to make incremental copies of important data for backup purposes. Because of their relationship, the two groups share several traits that justify describing them in the same article.

Important considerations

In order to choose the best program for one's own needs, the following aspects should be considered:

  • The type of backup medium that is going to store the data, e.g. CD, DVD, remote server, external hard drive, etc.
  • The planned frequency of backups, e.g. daily, weekly, monthly, etc.
  • The features expected from the backup solution, e.g. compression, encryption, handles renames, etc.
  • The planned method to restore backups if needed.

Data synchronization

These applications simply keep directories synchronized between multiple locations/machines, in a "mirror" fashion. Nonetheless, most of them still allow storing and reverting to old revisions of modified or deleted files.

See also:

Legend

Name
The application name, linking to the ArchWiki article or the official website.
Package
A link to the package.
Implementation
The programming language, library, or utility that the application is based on.
Delta transfer
Only the modified parts of files are transferred.
Encrypted transfer
Data is encrypted by default when transferred over the network.
FS metadata
File system permissions and attributes are synchronized.
Resumable
The synchronization can be resumed if interrupted.
Handles renames
Moved/renamed files are detected and not stored or transferred twice. It typically means that a checksum of files or its chunks is computed. Applications missing this functionality can be supplemented by combining with hsyncAUR, which only synchronizes renames.
Version control
The old version of files are backed up (reverse incremental backup).
Change propagation
Specifies in how many directions changes can be propagated.
  • unidirectional means one-way synchronization of two locations,
  • bidirectional means two-way synchronization of two locations and
  • multidirectional means full synchronization of more than two locations.
Conflict resolution
The application handles file conflicts, either automatically or interactively, i.e. it does not silently discard conflicting files. This attribute does not apply to applications that only propagate changes in one direction.
FS monitoring
The application listens to file system events to trigger the synchronization.
CLI
The application provides a command-line interface.
Other interfaces
The application has the specified user interfaces, e.g. GUI, TUI, or web-based.
License
The license of the server and client applications.
Other platforms
Supported operating systems other than Linux.
Maintained
The project is maintained.
Specificity
Brief notes about special features that notably set the application apart from the others.

Table

This article or section needs language, wiki syntax or style improvements. See Help:Style for reference.

Reason: Explicitly list supported protocols / tools. Drop Encrypted transfer column because it depends on the protocol / tool. Simplify and color Change propagation column and move it leftwards. Split unmaintained into subsection? See also User:Larivact/drafts/Synchronization and backup programs#Synchronization. (Discuss in Talk:Synchronization and backup programs)

This article or section needs expansion.

Reason: Fill in the blanks. (Discuss in Talk:Synchronization and backup programs)
Name Package Implementation Delta transfer Encrypted transfer FS metadata Resumable Handles renames Version control Change propagation Conflict resolution FS monitoring CLI Other interfaces License Other platforms Maintained Specificity
FreeFileSync freefilesync-binAUR C++ ? SFTP [1] ? ? Yes [2] Yes [3] unidirectional / multidirectional Yes ? No Yes GPL Windows, macOS Yes
git-annex git-annex Haskell, git rsync [4] rsync, others [5] No, but has custom non-FS metadata [6] Yes [7] Yes, content-addressable storage Yes multidirectional; with git remotes [8] renames conflicting files [9] optional, git-annex assistant Yes git-annex assistant GPLv3 macOS, Android (beta), Windows (beta) Yes Manage files with git
osync.sh osyncAUR Bash, based on rsync rsync rsync ? Yes No Yes bidirectional keeps multiple versions of a file [10] optional [11] Yes No BSD Yes
rclone rclone Go No [12] Yes [13] ? ? ? ? unidirectional / bidirectional [14] ? ? Yes Web (experimental add-on) MIT *BSD, Plan9, Solaris, Windows, macOS Yes Optimized for synchronization with cloud storage, behavior varies with the features supported by the remote location.
rdiff-backup rdiff-backupAUR Python, librsync rsync rsync Yes ? No Yes unidirectional No Yes No GPLv2 Win32 Yes
Resilio Sync rslsyncAUR C++ Yes Yes ? Yes ? Yes multidirectional ? ? No Web Proprietary freemium FreeBSD, Windows, macOS, Android, iOS, Windows Phone, Amazon Kindle Fire Yes P2P sync
rsync rsync C Yes SSH or native protocol Yes Yes No
  • --link-dest with hard links [15]
  • --backup
 unidirectional No Yes Rsync#Front-ends GPLv3 Win32 Yes Standard tool available on all Linux distributions.
SparkleShare sparkleshareAUR C#, git Yes AES-256 [16] ? ? Yes Yes ? ? ? No Yes GPLv3 Windows, macOS Yes It can sync with any Git server over SSH.
Syncany syncanyAUR Java ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Yes Yes GPLv3 No [17]
Syncthing syncthing Go Yes [18] Yes [19] partial [20] Yes ? Yes [21], previous versions moved to archive folder multidirectional renames one file [22] Yes Yes Web, GTK MPL v2 BSD, Windows, macOS, Android, Kindle Paperwhite Yes P2P sync
Synkron synkronAUR C++ ? ? ? ? ? ? multidirectional ? ? No Qt GPLv2 Windows, macOS No
taskd taskd C++, Python Yes Yes ? Yes ? ? multidirectional ? No Yes No MIT Android Yes
Unison unison OCaml Yes Yes partial [23] (Subsection "perms") optional [24] (Subsection "speeding") No - "Unison sees the rename as a delete and a separate create" [25] (Subsection "caveats") Yes [26] (Subsection "backups") bidirectional interactive Yes, built-in for Linux and Windows since before version 2.48: [27] For macOS see "unison-fsmonitor": [28] Yes GTK2 GPL FreeBSD, Windows, macOS, Android Yes [29]
yarsync yarsyncAUR Python, based on rsync rsync rsync Yes Yes Yes Yes, for repository snapshots (each file has a single version) unidirectional / multidirectional renames one file No Yes No GPLv3 Yes UNIX-like systems or backup drives, CLI like git.
Zaloha2.sh bash No SSH+SCP optional No No No bidirectional interactive No Yes No MIT Windows under Cygwin Yes [30] Small and simple

Incremental backups

Applications that can do incremental backups remember and take into account what data has been backed up during the last run (so-called "diffs") and eliminate the need to have duplicates of unchanged data. Restoring the data to a certain point in time would require locating the last full backup and all the incremental backups from then to the moment when it is supposed to be restored. This sort of backup is useful for those who do it very often.

See also:

Legend:

  • Name: the application name, linking to the ArchWiki article or the official website.
  • Package: a link to the package.
  • Implementation: the programming language, library, or utility that the application is based on.
  • Compressed storage: compression is used for storage.
  • Encrypted storage: encryption is used for storage.
  • Delta transfer: only the modified parts of files are transferred.
  • Encrypted transfer: data is encrypted by default when transferred over a network.
  • FS metadata: file system permissions and attributes are backed up.
  • Easy access: the backup is stored plainly in the file system, or is mountable as such.
  • Resumable: the backup can be resumed without restarting it if interrupted.
  • Multithreading: the backup can be done in multiple threads of execution concurrently.
  • Handles renames: moved/renamed files are detected and not stored or transferred twice; it typically means that a checksum is computed for files or chunks thereof.
  • CLI: the application is command-line driven, i.e. it is scriptable.
  • Other interfaces: the application has the specified user interfaces, e.g. GUI, TUI, or web-based.
  • Licence: the licence of the server and client applications.
  • Other platforms: supported operating systems other than Linux.
  • Maintained: whether the project is maintained.
  • Deduplication: whether the program supports deduplicating saved files
  • Specificity: brief notes about special features that notably set the application apart from the others.

Single machine

These applications are aimed at backing up data from the machine they are installed on, although the backup destination can be located on an external machine or storage media.

Chunk-based increments

This article or section needs expansion.

Reason: Fill in the blanks. FS metadata column: What does Immature mean? Resumable column: What does Pausing only / Kinda through tar mean? (Discuss in Talk:Synchronization and backup programs)

If a file is modified, these applications store only its changed parts at the next snapshot. Compared to #File-based increments applications, these are more space-efficient, especially when large files receive small modifications; on the other hand, the archived snapshots have to be opened with the backup application that created them, since the files have to be reconstructed from the stored binary diffs.

Name Package Implementation Compressed storage Encrypted storage Delta transfer Encrypted transfer FS metadata Easy access Resumable Multithreading Handles renames CLI Other interfaces Licence Other platforms Maintained Deduplication Specificity
Areca Backup arecaAUR Java Zip, Zip64 AES128, AES256 Yes Yes Yes No Pausing only No [31] No Yes Yes GPLv2 Windows Yes
Borg backup borg Python, C (Cython) lz4, zlib, lzma, zstd AES256 Yes SSH Yes [32] Yes [33] Yes [34] No [35] Yes Yes third party BSD *BSD, macOS, Windows (Cygwin / WSL)[36] Yes Yes, based on variable length chunks. Support both local and SSH-based remote backup destination.
bup bup C, Python, git Yes No Yes Yes Immature Yes [37][dead link 2024-10-12 ⓘ] pick up where you left off [38] No Yes Yes thesafeAUR GPLv2 NetBSD, Windows, macOS Yes Yes Same storage format as git.
Duplicacy duplicacyAUR Go Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes [39] Yes [40] Yes [41] Yes [42] Yes duplicacy-webAUR Custom (non-free) FreeBSD, macOS, Windows Yes Yes
Duplicati duplicati-canary-binAUR C# Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Pausing only Yes [43] No Yes Yes LGPL Windows, macOS Yes Yes
Duplicity duplicity librsync gzip gpg Yes Yes ? No Yes No No Yes Yes GPL Yes
Kopia kopiaAUR Go, Javascript front-end Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes APACHE Windows, macOS, OpenBSD Yes Yes
Kup Backup System kup rsync, bup front-end Yes Yes Yes Yes Immature Yes No ? Yes bup Qt GPLv2 Yes
Restic restic Go Yes Mandatory (AES-256) Yes Yes Yes [44] Yes [45] Yes [46] Yes [47] Yes Yes No [48] BSD OpenBSD, Windows, macOS Yes Yes [49] Supports storage on various cloud services natively and through rclone.
ZBackup zbackupAUR C++ LZMA, LZO AES Yes Yes ? planned [50] No ? Kinda through tar Yes No GPLv2 No Yes Repository consists of immutable files.

File-based increments

This article or section needs expansion.

Reason: Fill in the blanks. (Discuss in Talk:Synchronization and backup programs)

If a file is modified, these applications store its new version entirely at the next snapshot. Compared to #Chunk-based increments applications, these are less space-efficient, especially when large files receive small modifications; on the other hand, often the archived snapshots can be opened without the need to have the backup application installed.

Specific legend:

  • Hard links: whether unmodified files are stored as hard links to previous versions.
Name Package Implementation Compressed storage Encrypted storage Delta transfer Encrypted transfer FS metadata Easy access Resumable Handles renames Hard links CLI Other interfaces Licence Other platforms Maintained Specificity
Back In Time backintimeAUR Python, rsync, diff No Yes rsync rsync rsync Yes No No Yes [51][dead link 2023-10-29 ⓘ] Yes Qt GPLv2 Yes
DAR (Disk ARchive) darAUR C++ special archive format Yes Yes Yes ? ? ? ? No [52] Yes darguiAUR GPL FreeBSD, NetBSD, Windows, macOS Yes
rdup rdupAUR C tar.gz gpg, blowfish and others ? ? ? Yes ? No Yes Yes No GPLv3 Yes [53] Set of command-line tools.
rsnapshot rsnapshot rsync No No Yes Yes ? ? ? ? Yes [54] Yes No GPLv2 Win32 Yes [55]
timeshift timeshift rsync No No rsync rsync ? ? ? ? Yes Yes GTK GPLv3 Designed for full-system backups to dedicated devices. Yes

Network oriented

This article or section needs expansion.

Reason: Fill in the blanks. Encrypted transfer column: What does Internet transfers only mean? (Discuss in Talk:Synchronization and backup programs)

These applications have been designed to centralize the backup of several machines connected to a network, through a server-client model. In general they are more complicated to deploy, compared to #Single machine solutions.

Specific legend:

  • Control direction: Pull: server logs into client. Push: client initiates backup session.
  • Increment type: the strategy used to reduce used space by deduplicating data (i.e., besides compression).
    • file-based: if a file is modified, the entire new version is stored at each snapshot.
      • hard-links: whether unmodified files are stored as hard links to previous versions.
    • chunk-based: only the modified parts of files are stored at each snapshot.
Name Package Implementation Control direction Compressed storage Encrypted storage Delta transfer Encrypted transfer FS metadata Easy access Resumable Handles renames Increment type CLI Other interfaces Licence Other platforms Maintained Specificity
BackupPC backuppc Perl Pull Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes ? file-based, hard links [56] No Web GPLv2 Any (no client needed) Yes Identical files across backups of the same or different clients are stored only once.
Bacula bacula* C++ Pull Yes Yes ? Yes ? ? Yes ? file-based [57] Yes GUI, Web AGPLv3 Windows, macOS Yes
Bareos bareos* C++ (Bacula fork) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? AGPLv3 Yes
burp burp-backupAUR librsync Push Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes ? Yes ? chunk-based [58] Yes burp-ui AGPLv3 Windows, macOS Yes
SafeKeep safekeepAUR rdiff-backup Pull No No ? Yes ? ? ? ? chunk-based [59] Yes Yes GPL No Integrates with LVM and databases to create consistent backups. Bandwidth throttling.
Synbak synbak Multitool wrapper ? Yes No Yes Yes Yes ? ? ? ? No Web GPLv3 Yes Unifies several backup methods.
UrBackup urbackup* C++ Pull No No Yes Internet transfers only Yes Yes Yes Yes file-based,hard-links and symlinks[60]/chunk-based CoW-Snapshots[61] Yes (client) GUI, Web AGPLv3+ Windows, macOS Yes Identical files across backups of the same or different clients are stored only once. Integrates with LVM, dattobd and btrfs for file system snapshots.

Version control systems

While version control systems are mostly used for source code, they can track any files in a directory.

See List of applications/Utilities#Version control systems and dotfiles.

See also