/* seh pdata/xdata coff object file format
   Copyright (C) 2009-2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   This file is part of GAS.

   GAS is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
   any later version.

   GAS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with GAS; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
   Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
   02110-1301, USA.  */

#include "obj-coff-seh.h"

static void write_function_xdata (seh_context *);
static void write_function_pdata (seh_context *);

/* Switch back to the code section, whatever that may be.  */
static void
obj_coff_seh_code (int ignored ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
  subseg_set (seh_ctx_cur->code_seg, 0);
}

/* Parsing routines.  */

/* Return the style of SEH unwind info to generate.  */

static seh_kind
seh_get_target_kind (void)
{
  if (!stdoutput)
    return seh_kind_unknown;

  switch (bfd_get_arch (stdoutput))
    {
    case bfd_arch_aarch64:
    case bfd_arch_arm:
    case bfd_arch_powerpc:
    case bfd_arch_sh:
      return seh_kind_arm;

    case bfd_arch_i386:
      switch (bfd_get_mach (stdoutput))
	{
	case bfd_mach_x86_64:
	case bfd_mach_x86_64_intel_syntax:
	  return seh_kind_x64;
	default:
	  break;
	}
      /* FALL THROUGH.  */
    case bfd_arch_mips:
      return seh_kind_mips;

    case bfd_arch_ia64:
      /* Should return seh_kind_x64.  But not implemented yet.  */
      return seh_kind_unknown;

    default:
      break;
    }
  return seh_kind_unknown;
}

/* Verify that seh directives are supported.  */

static bool
verify_target (const char *directive)
{
  if (seh_get_target_kind () == seh_kind_unknown)
    {
      as_warn (_("%s ignored for this target"), directive);
      ignore_rest_of_line ();
      return false;
    }
  return true;
}

/* Similar, except we also verify the appropriate target.  */

static int
verify_context_and_target (const char *directive, seh_kind target)
{
  if (seh_get_target_kind () != target)
    {
      as_warn (_("%s ignored for this target"), directive);
      ignore_rest_of_line ();
      return 0;
    }
  return verify_context (directive);
}

/* Mark current context to use 32-bit instruction (arm).  */

static void
obj_coff_seh_32 (int what)
{
  if (!verify_context_and_target ((what ? ".seh_32" : ".seh_no32"),
				  seh_kind_arm))
    return;

  seh_ctx_cur->use_instruction_32 = (what ? 1 : 0);
  demand_empty_rest_of_line ();
}

/* Set for current context the handler and optional data (arm).  */

static void
obj_coff_seh_eh (int what ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
  if (!verify_context_and_target (".seh_eh", seh_kind_arm))
    return;

  /* Write block to .text if exception handler is set.  */
  seh_ctx_cur->handler_written = 1;
  emit_expr (&seh_ctx_cur->handler, 4);
  emit_expr (&seh_ctx_cur->handler_data, 4);

  demand_empty_rest_of_line ();
}

/* Set for current context the default handler (x64).  */

static void
obj_coff_seh_handler (int what ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
  char *symbol_name;
  char name_end;

  if (!verify_target (".seh_handler")
      || !verify_context (".seh_handler"))
    return;

  if (*input_line_pointer == 0 || *input_line_pointer == '\n')
    {
      as_bad (_(".seh_handler requires a handler"));
      demand_empty_rest_of_line ();
      return;
    }

  SKIP_WHITESPACE ();

  if (*input_line_pointer == '@')
    {
      name_end = get_symbol_name (&symbol_name);

      seh_ctx_cur->handler.X_op = O_constant;
      seh_ctx_cur->handler.X_add_number = 0;

      if (strcasecmp (symbol_name, "@0") == 0
	  || strcasecmp (symbol_name, "@null") == 0)
	;
      else if (strcasecmp (symbol_name, "@1") == 0)
	seh_ctx_cur->handler.X_add_number = 1;
      else
	as_bad (_("unknown constant value '%s' for handler"), symbol_name);

      (void) restore_line_pointer (name_end);
    }
  else
    expression (&seh_ctx_cur->handler);

  seh_ctx_cur->handler_data.X_op = O_constant;
  seh_ctx_cur->handler_data.X_add_number = 0;
  seh_ctx_cur->handler_flags = 0;

  if (!skip_whitespace_and_comma (0))
    return;

  if (seh_get_target_kind () == seh_kind_x64)
    {
      do
	{
	  name_end = get_symbol_name (&symbol_name);

	  if (strcasecmp (symbol_name, "@unwind") == 0)
	    seh_ctx_cur->handler_flags |= UNW_FLAG_UHANDLER;
	  else if (strcasecmp (symbol_name, "@except") == 0)
	    seh_ctx_cur->handler_flags |= UNW_FLAG_EHANDLER;
	  else
	    as_bad (_(".seh_handler constant '%s' unknown"), symbol_name);

	  (void) restore_line_pointer (name_end);
	}
      while (skip_whitespace_and_comma (0));
    }
  else
    {
      expression (&seh_ctx_cur->handler_data);
      demand_empty_rest_of_line ();

      if (seh_ctx_cur->handler_written)
	as_warn (_(".seh_handler after .seh_eh is ignored"));
    }
}

/* Switch to subsection for handler data for exception region (x64).  */

static void
obj_coff_seh_handlerdata (int what ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
  if (!verify_context_and_target (".seh_handlerdata", seh_kind_x64))
    return;
  demand_empty_rest_of_line ();

  switch_xdata (seh_ctx_cur->subsection + 1, seh_ctx_cur->code_seg);
}

/* Mark end of current context.  */

static void
do_seh_endproc (void)
{
  seh_ctx_cur->end_addr = symbol_temp_new_now ();

  write_function_xdata (seh_ctx_cur);
  write_function_pdata (seh_ctx_cur);
  free (seh_ctx_cur->elems);
  free (seh_ctx_cur->func_name);
  free (seh_ctx_cur);
  seh_ctx_cur = NULL;
}

static void
obj_coff_seh_endproc (int what ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
  if (!verify_target (".seh_endproc"))
    return;
  demand_empty_rest_of_line ();
  if (seh_ctx_cur == NULL)
    {
      as_bad (_(".seh_endproc used without .seh_proc"));
      return;
    }
  seh_validate_seg (".seh_endproc");
  do_seh_endproc ();
}

/* Mark begin of new context.  */

static void
obj_coff_seh_proc (int what ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
  char *symbol_name;
  char name_end;

  if (!verify_target (".seh_proc"))
    return;
  if (seh_ctx_cur != NULL)
    {
      as_bad (_("previous SEH entry not closed (missing .seh_endproc)"));
      do_seh_endproc ();
    }

  if (*input_line_pointer == 0 || *input_line_pointer == '\n')
    {
      as_bad (_(".seh_proc requires function label name"));
      demand_empty_rest_of_line ();
      return;
    }

  seh_ctx_cur = XCNEW (seh_context);

  seh_ctx_cur->code_seg = now_seg;

  if (seh_get_target_kind () == seh_kind_x64)
    {
      x_segcur = seh_hash_find_or_make (seh_ctx_cur->code_seg, ".xdata");
      seh_ctx_cur->subsection = x_segcur->subseg;
      x_segcur->subseg += 2;
    }

  SKIP_WHITESPACE ();

  name_end = get_symbol_name (&symbol_name);
  seh_ctx_cur->func_name = xstrdup (symbol_name);
  (void) restore_line_pointer (name_end);

  demand_empty_rest_of_line ();

  seh_ctx_cur->start_addr = symbol_temp_new_now ();
}

/* Mark end of prologue for current context.  */

static void
obj_coff_seh_endprologue (int what ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
  if (!verify_target (".seh_endprologue")
      || !verify_context (".seh_endprologue")
      || !seh_validate_seg (".seh_endprologue"))
    return;
  demand_empty_rest_of_line ();

  if (seh_ctx_cur->endprologue_addr != NULL)
    as_warn (_("duplicate .seh_endprologue in .seh_proc block"));
  else
    seh_ctx_cur->endprologue_addr = symbol_temp_new_now ();
}

/* End-of-file hook.  */

void
obj_coff_seh_do_final (void)
{
  if (seh_ctx_cur != NULL)
    as_bad (_("open SEH entry at end of file (missing .seh_endproc)"));
}

/* Enter a prologue element into current context (x64).  */

static void
seh_x64_make_prologue_element (int code, int info, offsetT off)
{
  seh_prologue_element *n;

  if (seh_ctx_cur == NULL)
    return;
  if (seh_ctx_cur->elems_count == seh_ctx_cur->elems_max)
    {
      seh_ctx_cur->elems_max += 8;
      seh_ctx_cur->elems = XRESIZEVEC (seh_prologue_element,
				       seh_ctx_cur->elems,
				       seh_ctx_cur->elems_max);
    }

  n = &seh_ctx_cur->elems[seh_ctx_cur->elems_count++];
  n->code = code;
  n->info = info;
  n->off = off;
  n->pc_addr = symbol_temp_new_now ();
}

/* Helper to read a register name from input stream (x64).  */

static int
seh_x64_read_reg (const char *directive, int kind)
{
  static const char * const int_regs[16] =
    { "rax", "rcx", "rdx", "rbx", "rsp", "rbp","rsi","rdi",
      "r8","r9","r10","r11","r12","r13","r14","r15" };
  static const char * const xmm_regs[16] =
    { "xmm0", "xmm1", "xmm2", "xmm3", "xmm4", "xmm5", "xmm6", "xmm7",
      "xmm8", "xmm9", "xmm10","xmm11","xmm12","xmm13","xmm14","xmm15" };

  const char * const *regs = NULL;
  char name_end;
  char *symbol_name = NULL;
  int i;

  switch (kind)
    {
    case 0:
    case 1:
      regs = int_regs;
      break;
    case 2:
      regs = xmm_regs;
      break;
    default:
      abort ();
    }

  SKIP_WHITESPACE ();
  if (*input_line_pointer == '%')
    ++input_line_pointer;
  name_end = get_symbol_name (& symbol_name);

  for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
    if (! strcasecmp (regs[i], symbol_name))
      break;

  (void) restore_line_pointer (name_end);

  /* Error if register not found, or EAX used as a frame pointer.  */
  if (i == 16 || (kind == 0 && i == 0))
    {
      as_bad (_("invalid register for %s"), directive);
      return -1;
    }

  return i;
}

/* Add a register push-unwind token to the current context.  */

static void
obj_coff_seh_pushreg (int what ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
  int reg;

  if (!verify_context_and_target (".seh_pushreg", seh_kind_x64)
      || !seh_validate_seg (".seh_pushreg"))
    return;

  reg = seh_x64_read_reg (".seh_pushreg", 1);
  demand_empty_rest_of_line ();

  if (reg < 0)
    return;

  seh_x64_make_prologue_element (UWOP_PUSH_NONVOL, reg, 0);
}

/* Add a register frame-unwind token to the current context.  */

static void
obj_coff_seh_pushframe (int what ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
  int code = 0;
  
  if (!verify_context_and_target (".seh_pushframe", seh_kind_x64)
      || !seh_validate_seg (".seh_pushframe"))
    return;
  
  SKIP_WHITESPACE();
  
  if (is_name_beginner (*input_line_pointer))
    {
      char* identifier;

      get_symbol_name (&identifier);
      if (strcmp (identifier, "code") != 0)
	{
	  as_bad(_("invalid argument \"%s\" for .seh_pushframe. Expected \"code\" or nothing"),
		 identifier);
	  return;
	}
      code = 1;
    }
  
  demand_empty_rest_of_line ();

  seh_x64_make_prologue_element (UWOP_PUSH_MACHFRAME, code, 0);
}

/* Add a register save-unwind token to current context.  */

static void
obj_coff_seh_save (int what)
{
  const char *directive = (what == 1 ? ".seh_savereg" : ".seh_savexmm");
  int code, reg, scale;
  offsetT off;

  if (!verify_context_and_target (directive, seh_kind_x64)
      || !seh_validate_seg (directive))
    return;

  reg = seh_x64_read_reg (directive, what);

  if (!skip_whitespace_and_comma (1))
    return;

  off = get_absolute_expression ();
  demand_empty_rest_of_line ();

  if (reg < 0)
    return;
  if (off < 0)
    {
      as_bad (_("%s offset is negative"), directive);
      return;
    }

  scale = (what == 1 ? 8 : 16);

  if ((off & (scale - 1)) == 0 && off <= (offsetT) (0xffff * scale))
    {
      code = (what == 1 ? UWOP_SAVE_NONVOL : UWOP_SAVE_XMM128);
      off /= scale;
    }
  else if (off < (offsetT) 0xffffffff)
    code = (what == 1 ? UWOP_SAVE_NONVOL_FAR : UWOP_SAVE_XMM128_FAR);
  else
    {
      as_bad (_("%s offset out of range"), directive);
      return;
    }

  seh_x64_make_prologue_element (code, reg, off);
}

/* Add a stack-allocation token to current context.  */

static void
obj_coff_seh_stackalloc (int what ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
  offsetT off;
  int code, info;

  if (!verify_context_and_target (".seh_stackalloc", seh_kind_x64)
      || !seh_validate_seg (".seh_stackalloc"))
    return;

  off = get_absolute_expression ();
  demand_empty_rest_of_line ();

  if (off == 0)
    return;
  if (off < 0)
    {
      as_bad (_(".seh_stackalloc offset is negative"));
      return;
    }

  if ((off & 7) == 0 && off <= 128)
    code = UWOP_ALLOC_SMALL, info = (off - 8) >> 3, off = 0;
  else if ((off & 7) == 0 && off <= (offsetT) (0xffff * 8))
    code = UWOP_ALLOC_LARGE, info = 0, off >>= 3;
  else if (off <= (offsetT) 0xffffffff)
    code = UWOP_ALLOC_LARGE, info = 1;
  else
    {
      as_bad (_(".seh_stackalloc offset out of range"));
      return;
    }

  seh_x64_make_prologue_element (code, info, off);
}

/* Add a frame-pointer token to current context.  */

static void
obj_coff_seh_setframe (int what ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
{
  offsetT off;
  int reg;

  if (!verify_context_and_target (".seh_setframe", seh_kind_x64)
      || !seh_validate_seg (".seh_setframe"))
    return;

  reg = seh_x64_read_reg (".seh_setframe", 0);

  if (!skip_whitespace_and_comma (1))
    return;

  off = get_absolute_expression ();
  demand_empty_rest_of_line ();

  if (reg < 0)
    return;
  if (off < 0)
    as_bad (_(".seh_setframe offset is negative"));
  else if (off > 240)
    as_bad (_(".seh_setframe offset out of range"));
  else if (off & 15)
    as_bad (_(".seh_setframe offset not a multiple of 16"));
  else if (seh_ctx_cur->framereg != 0)
    as_bad (_("duplicate .seh_setframe in current .seh_proc"));
  else
    {
      seh_ctx_cur->framereg = reg;
      seh_ctx_cur->frameoff = off;
      seh_x64_make_prologue_element (UWOP_SET_FPREG, 0, 0);
    }
}

/* Data writing routines.  */

/* Output raw integers in 1, 2, or 4 bytes.  */

static inline void
out_one (int byte)
{
  FRAG_APPEND_1_CHAR (byte);
}

static inline void
out_two (int data)
{
  md_number_to_chars (frag_more (2), data, 2);
}

static inline void
out_four (int data)
{
  md_number_to_chars (frag_more (4), data, 4);
}

/* Write out prologue data for x64.  */

static void
seh_x64_write_prologue_data (const seh_context *c)
{
  int i;

  /* We have to store in reverse order.  */
  for (i = c->elems_count - 1; i >= 0; --i)
    {
      const seh_prologue_element *e = c->elems + i;
      expressionS exp;

      /* First comes byte offset in code.  */
      exp.X_op = O_subtract;
      exp.X_add_symbol = e->pc_addr;
      exp.X_op_symbol = c->start_addr;
      exp.X_add_number = 0;
      emit_expr (&exp, 1);

      /* Second comes code+info packed into a byte.  */
      out_one ((e->info << 4) | e->code);

      switch (e->code)
	{
	case UWOP_PUSH_NONVOL:
	case UWOP_ALLOC_SMALL:
	case UWOP_SET_FPREG:
	case UWOP_PUSH_MACHFRAME:
	  /* These have no extra data.  */
	  break;

	case UWOP_ALLOC_LARGE:
	  if (e->info)
	    {
	case UWOP_SAVE_NONVOL_FAR:
	case UWOP_SAVE_XMM128_FAR:
	      /* An unscaled 4 byte offset.  */
	      out_four (e->off);
	      break;
	    }
	  /* FALLTHRU */

	case UWOP_SAVE_NONVOL:
	case UWOP_SAVE_XMM128:
	  /* A scaled 2 byte offset.  */
	  out_two (e->off);
	  break;

	default:
	  abort ();
	}
    }
}

static int
seh_x64_size_prologue_data (const seh_context *c)
{
  int i, ret = 0;

  for (i = c->elems_count - 1; i >= 0; --i)
    switch (c->elems[i].code)
      {
      case UWOP_PUSH_NONVOL:
      case UWOP_ALLOC_SMALL:
      case UWOP_SET_FPREG:
      case UWOP_PUSH_MACHFRAME:
	ret += 1;
	break;

      case UWOP_SAVE_NONVOL:
      case UWOP_SAVE_XMM128:
	ret += 2;
	break;

      case UWOP_SAVE_NONVOL_FAR:
      case UWOP_SAVE_XMM128_FAR:
	ret += 3;
	break;

      case UWOP_ALLOC_LARGE:
	ret += (c->elems[i].info ? 3 : 2);
	break;

      default:
	abort ();
      }

  return ret;
}

/* Write out the xdata information for one function (x64).  */

static void
seh_x64_write_function_xdata (seh_context *c)
{
  int flags, count_unwind_codes;
  expressionS exp;

  /* Set 4-byte alignment.  */
  frag_align (2, 0, 0);

  c->xdata_addr = symbol_temp_new_now ();
  flags = c->handler_flags;
  count_unwind_codes = seh_x64_size_prologue_data (c);

  /* ubyte:3 version, ubyte:5 flags.  */
  out_one ((flags << 3) | 1);

  /* Size of prologue.  */
  if (c->endprologue_addr)
    {
      exp.X_op = O_subtract;
      exp.X_add_symbol = c->endprologue_addr;
      exp.X_op_symbol = c->start_addr;
      exp.X_add_number = 0;
      emit_expr (&exp, 1);
    }
  else
    out_one (0);

  /* Number of slots (i.e. shorts) in the unwind codes array.  */
  if (count_unwind_codes > 255)
    as_fatal (_("too much unwind data in this .seh_proc"));
  out_one (count_unwind_codes);

  /* ubyte:4 frame-reg, ubyte:4 frame-reg-offset.  */
  /* Note that frameoff is already a multiple of 16, and therefore
     the offset is already both scaled and shifted into place.  */
  out_one (c->frameoff | c->framereg);

  seh_x64_write_prologue_data (c);

  /* We need to align prologue data.  */
  if (count_unwind_codes & 1)
    out_two (0);

  if (flags & (UNW_FLAG_EHANDLER | UNW_FLAG_UHANDLER))
    {
      /* Force the use of segment-relative relocations instead of absolute
         valued expressions.  Don't adjust for constants (e.g. NULL).  */
      if (c->handler.X_op == O_symbol)
        c->handler.X_op = O_symbol_rva;
      emit_expr (&c->handler, 4);
    }

  /* Handler data will be tacked in here by subsections.  */
}

/* Write out xdata for one function.  */

static void
write_function_xdata (seh_context *c)
{
  segT save_seg = now_seg;
  int save_subseg = now_subseg;

  /* MIPS, SH, ARM don't have xdata.  */
  if (seh_get_target_kind () != seh_kind_x64)
    return;

  switch_xdata (c->subsection, c->code_seg);

  seh_x64_write_function_xdata (c);

  subseg_set (save_seg, save_subseg);
}

/* Write pdata section data for one function (arm).  */

static void
seh_arm_write_function_pdata (seh_context *c)
{
  expressionS exp;
  unsigned int prol_len = 0, func_len = 0;
  unsigned int val;

  /* Start address of the function.  */
  exp.X_op = O_symbol;
  exp.X_add_symbol = c->start_addr;
  exp.X_add_number = 0;
  emit_expr (&exp, 4);

  exp.X_op = O_subtract;
  exp.X_add_symbol = c->end_addr;
  exp.X_op_symbol = c->start_addr;
  exp.X_add_number = 0;
  if (resolve_expression (&exp) && exp.X_op == O_constant)
    func_len = exp.X_add_number;
  else
    as_bad (_(".seh_endproc in a different section from .seh_proc"));

  if (c->endprologue_addr)
    {
      exp.X_op = O_subtract;
      exp.X_add_symbol = c->endprologue_addr;
      exp.X_op_symbol = c->start_addr;
      exp.X_add_number = 0;

      if (resolve_expression (&exp) && exp.X_op == O_constant)
	prol_len = exp.X_add_number;
      else
	as_bad (_(".seh_endprologue in a different section from .seh_proc"));
    }

  /* Both function and prologue are in units of instructions.  */
  func_len >>= (c->use_instruction_32 ? 2 : 1);
  prol_len >>= (c->use_instruction_32 ? 2 : 1);

  /* Assemble the second word of the pdata.  */
  val  = prol_len & 0xff;
  val |= (func_len & 0x3fffff) << 8;
  if (c->use_instruction_32)
    val |= 0x40000000U;
  if (c->handler_written)
    val |= 0x80000000U;
  out_four (val);
}

/* Write out pdata for one function.  */

static void
write_function_pdata (seh_context *c)
{
  expressionS exp;
  segT save_seg = now_seg;
  int save_subseg = now_subseg;
  memset (&exp, 0, sizeof (expressionS));
  switch_pdata (c->code_seg);

  switch (seh_get_target_kind ())
    {
    case seh_kind_x64:
      exp.X_op = O_symbol_rva;
      exp.X_add_number = 0;

      exp.X_add_symbol = c->start_addr;
      emit_expr (&exp, 4);
      exp.X_op = O_symbol_rva;
      exp.X_add_number = 0;
      exp.X_add_symbol = c->end_addr;
      emit_expr (&exp, 4);
      exp.X_op = O_symbol_rva;
      exp.X_add_number = 0;
      exp.X_add_symbol = c->xdata_addr;
      emit_expr (&exp, 4);
      break;

    case seh_kind_mips:
      exp.X_op = O_symbol;
      exp.X_add_number = 0;

      exp.X_add_symbol = c->start_addr;
      emit_expr (&exp, 4);
      exp.X_add_symbol = c->end_addr;
      emit_expr (&exp, 4);

      emit_expr (&c->handler, 4);
      emit_expr (&c->handler_data, 4);

      exp.X_add_symbol = (c->endprologue_addr
			  ? c->endprologue_addr
			  : c->start_addr);
      emit_expr (&exp, 4);
      break;

    case seh_kind_arm:
      seh_arm_write_function_pdata (c);
      break;

    default:
      abort ();
    }

  subseg_set (save_seg, save_subseg);
}
