891d299451
Signed-off-by: Neil Brown <neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au>
569 lines
23 KiB
C
569 lines
23 KiB
C
/*
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* mdadm - manage Linux "md" devices aka RAID arrays.
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*
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* Copyright (C) 2001-2002 Neil Brown <neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au>
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*
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*
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* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
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* (at your option) any later version.
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*
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* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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* GNU General Public License for more details.
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*
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* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
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* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
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*
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* Author: Neil Brown
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* Email: <neilb@cse.unsw.edu.au>
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* Paper: Neil Brown
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* School of Computer Science and Engineering
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* The University of New South Wales
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* Sydney, 2052
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* Australia
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*/
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#include "mdadm.h"
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char Version[] = Name " - v2.0-devel-1 - DEVELOPMENT VERSION NOT FOR REGULAR USE - 18 February 2005\n";
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/*
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* File: ReadMe.c
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*
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* This file contains general comments about the implementation
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* and the various usage messages that can be displayed by mdadm
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*
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* mdadm is a single program that can be used to control Linux md devices.
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* It is intended to provide all the functionality of the mdtools and
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* raidtools but with a very different interface.
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* mdadm can perform all functions without a configuration file.
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* There is the option of using a configuration file, but not in the same
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* way that raidtools uses one
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* raidtools uses a configuration file to describe how to create a RAID
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* array, and also uses this file partially to start a previously
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* created RAID array. Further, raidtools requires the configuration
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* file for such things as stopping a raid array which needs to know
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* nothing about the array.
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*
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* The configuration file that can be used by mdadm lists two
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* different things:
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* 1/ a mapping from uuid to md device to identify which arrays are
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* expect and what names (numbers) they should be given
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* 2/ a list of devices that should be scanned for md sub-devices
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*
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*
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*/
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/*
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* mdadm has 7 major modes of operation:
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* 1/ Create
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* This mode is used to create a new array with a superblock
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* It can progress in several step create-add-add-run
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* or it can all happen with one command
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* 2/ Assemble
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* This mode is used to assemble the parts of a previously created
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* array into an active array. Components can be explicitly given
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* or can be searched for. mdadm (optionally) check that the components
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* do form a bona-fide array, and can, on request, fiddle superblock
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* version numbers so as to assemble a faulty array.
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* 3/ Build
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* This is for building legacy arrays without superblocks
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* 4/ Manage
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* This is for doing something to one or more devices
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* in an array, such as add,remove,fail.
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* run/stop/readonly/readwrite are also available
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* 5/ Misc
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* This is for doing things to individual devices.
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* They might be parts of an array so
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* zero-superblock, examine might be appropriate
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* They might be md arrays so
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* run,stop,rw,ro,detail might be appropriate
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* Also query will treat it as either
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* 6/ Monitor
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* This mode never exits but just monitors arrays and reports changes.
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* 7/ Grow
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* This mode allows for changing of key attributes of a raid array, such
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* as size, number of devices, and possibly even layout.
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* At the time if writing, there is only minimal support.
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*/
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char short_options[]="-ABCDEFGQhVXvb::c:i:l:p:m:n:x:u:c:d:z:U:sa::rfRSow1te:";
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struct option long_options[] = {
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{"manage", 0, 0, '@'},
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{"misc", 0, 0, '#'},
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{"assemble", 0, 0, 'A'},
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{"build", 0, 0, 'B'},
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{"create", 0, 0, 'C'},
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{"detail", 0, 0, 'D'},
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{"examine", 0, 0, 'E'},
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{"follow", 0, 0, 'F'},
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{"grow", 0, 0, 'G'},
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{"zero-superblock", 0, 0, 'K'}, /* deliberately no a short_option */
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{"query", 0, 0, 'Q'},
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{"examine-bitmap", 0, 0, 'X'},
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/* synonyms */
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{"monitor", 0, 0, 'F'},
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/* after those will normally come the name of the md device */
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{"help", 0, 0, 'h'},
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{"help-options",0,0,'h'},
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{"version", 0, 0, 'V'},
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{"verbose", 0, 0, 'v'},
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/* For create or build: */
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{"chunk", 1, 0, 'c'},
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{"rounding", 1, 0, 'c'}, /* for linear, chunk is really a rounding number */
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{"level", 1, 0, 'l'}, /* 0,1,4,5,6,linear */
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{"parity", 1, 0, 'p'}, /* {left,right}-{a,}symmetric */
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{"layout", 1, 0, 'p'},
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{"raid-disks",1, 0, 'n'},
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{"raid-devices",1, 0, 'n'},
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{"spare-disks",1,0, 'x'},
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{"spare-devices",1,0, 'x'},
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{"size", 1, 0, 'z'},
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{"auto", 1, 0, 'a'}, /* also for --assemble */
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{"assume-clean",0,0, 3 },
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{"metadata", 1, 0, 'e'}, /* superblock format */
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{"bitmap", 1, 0, 'b'},
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{"bitmap-chunk", 1, 0, 4},
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/* For assemble */
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{"uuid", 1, 0, 'u'},
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{"super-minor",1,0, 'm'},
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{"config", 1, 0, 'c'},
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{"scan", 0, 0, 's'},
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{"force", 0, 0, 'f'},
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{"update", 1, 0, 'U'},
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/* Management */
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{"add", 0, 0, 'a'},
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{"remove", 0, 0, 'r'},
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{"fail", 0, 0, 'f'},
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{"set-faulty",0, 0, 'f'},
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{"run", 0, 0, 'R'},
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{"stop", 0, 0, 'S'},
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{"readonly", 0, 0, 'o'},
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{"readwrite", 0, 0, 'w'},
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/* For Detail/Examine */
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{"brief", 0, 0, 'b'},
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{"sparc2.2", 0, 0, 22},
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{"test", 0, 0, 't'},
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/* For Follow/monitor */
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{"mail", 1, 0, 'm'},
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{"program", 1, 0, 'p'},
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{"alert", 1, 0, 'p'},
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{"delay", 1, 0, 'd'},
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{"daemonise", 0, 0, 'f'},
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{"daemonize", 0, 0, 'f'},
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{"oneshot", 0, 0, '1'},
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{"pid-file", 1, 0, 'i'},
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{0, 0, 0, 0}
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};
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char Usage[] =
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"Usage: mdadm --help\n"
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" for help\n"
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;
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char Help[] =
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"Usage: mdadm --create device options...\n"
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" mdadm --assemble device options...\n"
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" mdadm --build device options...\n"
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" mdadm --manage device options...\n"
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" mdadm --misc options... devices\n"
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" mdadm --monitor options...\n"
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" mdadm device options...\n"
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" mdadm is used for building, managing, and monitoring\n"
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" Linux md devices (aka RAID arrays)\n"
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" For detailed help on the above major modes use --help after the mode\n"
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" e.g.\n"
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" mdadm --assemble --help\n"
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" For general help on options use\n"
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" mdadm --help-options\n"
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;
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char OptionHelp[] =
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"Any parameter that does not start with '-' is treated as a device name\n"
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"or, for --examine-bitmap, a file name.\n"
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"The first such name is often the name of an md device. Subsequent\n"
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"names are often names of component devices."
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"\n"
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"Some common options are:\n"
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" --help -h : General help message or, after above option,\n"
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" mode specific help message\n"
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" --help-options : This help message\n"
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" --version -V : Print version information for mdadm\n"
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" --verbose -v : Be more verbose about what is happening\n"
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" --brief -b : Be less verbose, more brief\n"
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" --force -f : Override normal checks and be more forceful\n"
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"\n"
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" --assemble -A : Assemble an array\n"
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" --build -B : Build a legacy array\n"
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" --create -C : Create a new array\n"
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" --detail -D : Display details of an array\n"
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" --examine -E : Examine superblock on an array component\n"
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" --examine-bitmap -X: Display the detail of a bitmap file\n"
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" --monitor -F : monitor (follow) some arrays\n"
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" --query -Q : Display general information about how a\n"
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" device relates to the md driver\n"
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;
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/*
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"\n"
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" For create or build:\n"
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" --bitmap= -b : File to store bitmap in - may pre-exist for --build\n"
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" --chunk= -c : chunk size of kibibytes\n"
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" --rounding= : rounding factor for linear array (==chunk size)\n"
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" --level= -l : raid level: 0,1,4,5,6,linear,mp. 0 or linear for build\n"
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" --parity= -p : raid5/6 parity algorithm: {left,right}-{,a}symmetric\n"
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" --layout= : same as --parity\n"
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" --raid-devices= -n : number of active devices in array\n"
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" --spare-devices= -x: number of spares (eXtras) devices in initial array\n"
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" --size= -z : Size (in K) of each drive in RAID1/4/5/6/10 - optional\n"
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" --force -f : Honour devices as listed on command line. Don't\n"
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" : insert a missing drive for RAID5.\n"
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" --auto(=p) -a : Automatically allocate new (partitioned) md array if needed.\n"
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" --assume-clean : Assume the array is already in-sync. This is dangerous.\n"
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" --bitmap-chunk= : chunksize of bitmap in bitmap file (Kilobytes)\n"
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" --delay= -d : seconds between bitmap updates\n"
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"\n"
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" For assemble:\n"
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" --bitmap= -b : File to find bitmap information in\n"
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" --uuid= -u : uuid of array to assemble. Devices which don't\n"
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" have this uuid are excluded\n"
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" --super-minor= -m : minor number to look for in super-block when\n"
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" choosing devices to use.\n"
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" --config= -c : config file\n"
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" --scan -s : scan config file for missing information\n"
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" --force -f : Assemble the array even if some superblocks appear out-of-date\n"
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" --update= -U : Update superblock: one of sparc2.2, super-minor or summaries\n"
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" --auto(=p) -a : Automatically allocate new (partitioned) md array if needed.\n"
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"\n"
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" For detail or examine:\n"
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" --brief -b : Just print device name and UUID\n"
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"\n"
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" For follow/monitor:\n"
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" --mail= -m : Address to mail alerts of failure to\n"
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" --program= -p : Program to run when an event is detected\n"
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" --alert= : same as --program\n"
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" --delay= -d : seconds of delay between polling state. default=60\n"
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"\n"
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" General management:\n"
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" --add -a : add, or hotadd subsequent devices\n"
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" --remove -r : remove subsequent devices\n"
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" --fail -f : mark subsequent devices a faulty\n"
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" --set-faulty : same as --fail\n"
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" --run -R : start a partially built array\n"
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" --stop -S : deactivate array, releasing all resources\n"
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" --readonly -o : mark array as readonly\n"
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" --readwrite -w : mark array as readwrite\n"
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" --zero-superblock : erase the MD superblock from a device.\n"
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;
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*/
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char Help_create[] =
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"Usage: mdadm --create device -chunk=X --level=Y --raid-devices=Z devices\n"
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"\n"
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" This usage will initialise a new md array, associate some\n"
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" devices with it, and activate the array. In order to create an\n"
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" array with some devices missing, use the special word 'missing' in\n"
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" place of the relevant device name.\n"
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"\n"
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" Before devices are added, they are checked to see if they already contain\n"
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" raid superblocks or filesystems. They are also checked to see if\n"
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" the variance in device size exceeds 1%.\n"
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" If any discrepancy is found, the user will be prompted for confirmation\n"
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" before the array is created. The presence of a '--run' can override this\n"
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" caution.\n"
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"\n"
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" If the --size option is given then only that many kilobytes of each\n"
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" device is used, no matter how big each device is.\n"
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" If no --size is given, the apparent size of the smallest drive given\n"
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" is used for raid level 1 and greater, and the full device is used for\n"
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" other levels.\n"
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"\n"
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" Options that are valid with --create (-C) are:\n"
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" --bitmap= : Create a bitmap for the array with the given filename\n"
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" --chunk= -c : chunk size of kibibytes\n"
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" --rounding= : rounding factor for linear array (==chunk size)\n"
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" --level= -l : raid level: 0,1,4,5,6,linear,multipath and synonyms\n"
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" --parity= -p : raid5/6 parity algorithm: {left,right}-{,a}symmetric\n"
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" --layout= : same as --parity\n"
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" --raid-devices= -n : number of active devices in array\n"
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" --spare-devices= -x: number of spares (eXtras) devices in initial array\n"
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" --size= -z : Size (in K) of each drive in RAID1/4/5/6/10 - optional\n"
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" --force -f : Honour devices as listed on command line. Don't\n"
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" : insert a missing drive for RAID5.\n"
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" --run -R : insist of running the array even if not all\n"
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" : devices are present or some look odd.\n"
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" --readonly -o : start the array readonly - not supported yet.\n"
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" --bitmap-chunk= : bitmap chunksize in Kilobytes.\n"
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" --delay= -d : bitmap update delay in seconds.\n"
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"\n"
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;
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char Help_build[] =
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"Usage: mdadm --build device -chunk=X --level=Y --raid-devices=Z devices\n"
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"\n"
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" This usage is similar to --create. The difference is that it creates\n"
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" a legacy array without a superblock. With these arrays there is no\n"
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" different between initially creating the array and subsequently\n"
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" assembling the array, except that hopefully there is useful data\n"
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" there in the second case.\n"
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"\n"
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" The level may only be 0, raid0, or linear.\n"
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" All devices must be listed and the array will be started once complete.\n"
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" Options that are valid with --build (-B) are:\n"
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" --bitmap= : file to store/find bitmap information in.\n"
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" --chunk= -c : chunk size of kibibytes\n"
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" --rounding= : rounding factor for linear array (==chunk size)\n"
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" --level= -l : 0, raid0, or linear\n"
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" --raid-devices= -n : number of active devices in array\n"
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" --bitmap-chunk= : bitmap chunksize in Kilobytes.\n"
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" --delay= -d : bitmap update delay in seconds.\n"
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;
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char Help_assemble[] =
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"Usage: mdadm --assemble device options...\n"
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" mdadm --assemble --scan options...\n"
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"\n"
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"This usage assembles one or more raid arrays from pre-existing\n"
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"components.\n"
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"For each array, mdadm needs to know the md device, the identity of\n"
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"the array, and a number of sub devices. These can be found in a number\n"
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"of ways.\n"
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"\n"
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"The md device is either given on the command line or is found listed\n"
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"in the config file. The array identity is determined either from the\n"
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"--uuid or --super-minor commandline arguments, from the config file,\n"
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"or from the first component device on the command line.\n"
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"\n"
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"The different combinations of these are as follows:\n"
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" If the --scan option is not given, then only devices and identities\n"
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" listed on the command line are considered.\n"
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" The first device will be the array device, and the remainder will be\n"
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" examined when looking for components.\n"
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" If an explicit identity is given with --uuid or --super-minor, then\n"
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" only devices with a superblock which matches that identity is considered,\n"
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" otherwise every device listed is considered.\n"
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"\n"
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" If the --scan option is given, and no devices are listed, then\n"
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" every array listed in the config file is considered for assembly.\n"
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" The identity of candidate devices are determined from the config file.\n"
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"\n"
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" If the --scan option is given as well as one or more devices, then\n"
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" Those devices are md devices that are to be assembled. Their identity\n"
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" and components are determined from the config file.\n"
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"\n"
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"Options that are valid with --assemble (-A) are:\n"
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" --bitmap= : bitmap file to use wit the array\n"
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" --uuid= -u : uuid of array to assemble. Devices which don't\n"
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" have this uuid are excluded\n"
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" --super-minor= -m : minor number to look for in super-block when\n"
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" choosing devices to use.\n"
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" --config= -c : config file\n"
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" --scan -s : scan config file for missing information\n"
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" --run -R : Try to start the array even if not enough devices\n"
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" for a full array are present\n"
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" --force -f : Assemble the array even if some superblocks appear\n"
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" : out-of-date. This involves modifying the superblocks.\n"
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" --update= -U : Update superblock: one of sparc2.2, super-minor or summaries\n"
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;
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char Help_manage[] =
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"Usage: mdadm arraydevice options component devices...\n"
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"\n"
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"This usage is for managing the component devices within an array.\n"
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"The --manage option is not needed and is assumed if the first argument\n"
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"is a device name or a management option.\n"
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"The first device listed will be taken to be an md array device, and\n"
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"subsequent devices are (potential) components of that array.\n"
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"\n"
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"Options that are valid with management mode are:\n"
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" --add -a : hotadd subsequent devices to the array\n"
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" --remove -r : remove subsequent devices, which must not be active\n"
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" --fail -f : mark subsequent devices a faulty\n"
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" --set-faulty : same as --fail\n"
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" --run -R : start a partially built array\n"
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" --stop -S : deactivate array, releasing all resources\n"
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" --readonly -o : mark array as readonly\n"
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" --readwrite -w : mark array as readwrite\n"
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;
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char Help_misc[] =
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"Usage: mdadm misc_option devices...\n"
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"\n"
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"This usage is for performing some task on one or more devices, which\n"
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"may be arrays or components, depending on the task.\n"
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"The --misc option is not needed (though it is allowed) and is assumed\n"
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"if the first argument in a misc option.\n"
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"\n"
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"Options that are valid with the miscellaneous mode are:\n"
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" --query -Q : Display general information about how a\n"
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" device relates to the md driver\n"
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" --detail -D : Display details of an array\n"
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" --examine -E : Examine superblock on an array component\n"
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" --examine-bitmap -X: Display contents of a bitmap file\n"
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" --zero-superblock : erase the MD superblock from a device.\n"
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" --run -R : start a partially built array\n"
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" --stop -S : deactivate array, releasing all resources\n"
|
|
" --readonly -o : mark array as readonly\n"
|
|
" --readwrite -w : mark array as readwrite\n"
|
|
" --test -t : exit status 0 if ok, 1 if degrade, 2 if dead, 4 if missing\n"
|
|
;
|
|
|
|
char Help_monitor[] =
|
|
"Usage: mdadm --monitor options devices\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"This usage causes mdadm to monitor a number of md arrays by periodically\n"
|
|
"polling their status and acting on any changes.\n"
|
|
"If any devices are listed then those devices are monitored, otherwise\n"
|
|
"all devices listed in the config file are monitored.\n"
|
|
"The address for mailing advisories to, and the program to handle\n"
|
|
"each change can be specified in the config file or on the command line.\n"
|
|
"If no mail address or program are specified, then mdadm reports all\n"
|
|
"state changes to stdout.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"Options that are valid with the monitor (-F --follow) mode are:\n"
|
|
" --mail= -m : Address to mail alerts of failure to\n"
|
|
" --program= -p : Program to run when an event is detected\n"
|
|
" --alert= : same as --program\n"
|
|
" --delay= -d : seconds of delay between polling state. default=60\n"
|
|
" --config= -c : specify a different config file\n"
|
|
" --scan -s : find mail-address/program in config file\n"
|
|
" --daemonise -f : Fork and continue in child, parent exits\n"
|
|
" --pid-file= -i : In daemon mode write pid to specified file instead of stdout\n"
|
|
" --oneshot -1 : Check for degraded arrays, then exit\n"
|
|
" --test -t : Generate a TestMessage event against each array at startup\n"
|
|
;
|
|
|
|
char Help_grow[] =
|
|
"Usage: mdadm --grow device options\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"This usage causes mdadm to attempt to reconfigure a running array.\n"
|
|
"This is only possibly if the kernel being used supports a particular\n"
|
|
"reconfiguration. This version only supports changing the number of\n"
|
|
"devices in a RAID1, and changing the active size of all devices in\n"
|
|
"a RAID1/4/5/6.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
"Options that are valid with the grow (-G --grow) mode are:\n"
|
|
" --size= -z : Change the active size of devices in an array.\n"
|
|
" : This is useful if all devices have been replaced\n"
|
|
" : with larger devices.\n"
|
|
" --raid-disks= -n : Change the number of active devices in a RAID1\n"
|
|
" : array.\n"
|
|
;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
char Help_config[] =
|
|
"The /etc/mdadm.conf config file:\n\n"
|
|
" The config file contains, apart from blank lines and comment lines that\n"
|
|
" start with a hash(#), four sorts of configuration lines: array lines, \n"
|
|
" device lines, mailaddr lines and program lines.\n"
|
|
" Each configuration line is constructed of a number of space separated\n"
|
|
" words, and can be continued on subsequent physical lines by indenting\n"
|
|
" those lines.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" A device line starts with the word 'device' and then has a number of words\n"
|
|
" which identify devices. These words should be names of devices in the\n"
|
|
" filesystem, and can contain wildcards. There can be multiple words or each\n"
|
|
" device line, and multiple device lines. All devices so listed are checked\n"
|
|
" for relevant super blocks when assembling arrays.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" An array line start with the word 'array'. This is followed by the name of\n"
|
|
" the array device in the filesystem, e.g. '/dev/md2'. Subsequent words\n"
|
|
" describe the identity of the array, used to recognise devices to include in the\n"
|
|
" array. The identity can be given as a UUID with a word starting 'uuid=', or\n"
|
|
" as a minor-number stored in the superblock using 'super-minor=', or as a list\n"
|
|
" of devices. This is given as a comma separated list of names, possibly\n"
|
|
" containing wildcards, preceded by 'devices='. If multiple critea are given,\n"
|
|
" than a device must match all of them to be considered.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" A mailaddr line starts with the word 'mailaddr' and should contain exactly\n"
|
|
" one Email address. 'mdadm --monitor --scan' will send alerts of failed drives\n"
|
|
" to this Email address."
|
|
"\n"
|
|
" A program line starts with the word 'program' and should contain exactly\n"
|
|
" one program name. 'mdadm --monitor --scan' will run this program when any\n"
|
|
" event is detected.\n"
|
|
"\n"
|
|
;
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* name/number mappings */
|
|
|
|
mapping_t r5layout[] = {
|
|
{ "left-asymmetric", 0},
|
|
{ "right-asymmetric", 1},
|
|
{ "left-symmetric", 2},
|
|
{ "right-symmetric", 3},
|
|
|
|
{ "default", 2},
|
|
{ "la", 0},
|
|
{ "ra", 1},
|
|
{ "ls", 2},
|
|
{ "rs", 3},
|
|
{ NULL, 0}
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
mapping_t pers[] = {
|
|
{ "linear", -1},
|
|
{ "raid0", 0},
|
|
{ "0", 0},
|
|
{ "stripe", 0},
|
|
{ "raid1", 1},
|
|
{ "1", 1},
|
|
{ "mirror", 1},
|
|
{ "raid4", 4},
|
|
{ "4", 4},
|
|
{ "raid5", 5},
|
|
{ "5", 5},
|
|
{ "multipath", -4},
|
|
{ "mp", -4},
|
|
{ "raid6", 6},
|
|
{ "6", 6},
|
|
{ "raid10", 10},
|
|
{ "10", 10},
|
|
{ "faulty", -5},
|
|
{ NULL, 0}
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
|
mapping_t modes[] = {
|
|
{ "assemble", ASSEMBLE},
|
|
{ "build", BUILD},
|
|
{ "create", CREATE},
|
|
{ "manage", MANAGE},
|
|
{ "misc", MISC},
|
|
{ "monitor", MONITOR},
|
|
{ "grow", GROW},
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
mapping_t faultylayout[] = {
|
|
{ "write-transient", WriteTransient },
|
|
{ "wt", WriteTransient },
|
|
{ "read-transient", ReadTransient },
|
|
{ "rt", ReadTransient },
|
|
{ "write-persistent", WritePersistent },
|
|
{ "wp", WritePersistent },
|
|
{ "read-persistent", ReadPersistent },
|
|
{ "rp", ReadPersistent },
|
|
{ "write-all", WriteAll },
|
|
{ "wa", WriteAll },
|
|
{ "read-fixable", ReadFixable },
|
|
{ "rf", ReadFixable },
|
|
|
|
{ "clear", ClearErrors},
|
|
{ "flush", ClearFaults},
|
|
{ "none", ClearErrors},
|
|
{ "default", ClearErrors},
|
|
{ NULL, 0}
|
|
};
|