spectrwm

From spectrwm website:

spectrwm is a small dynamic tiling window manager for Xorg. It tries to stay out of the way so that valuable screen real estate can be used for much more important stuff. It has sane defaults and does not require one to learn a language to do any configuration. It was written by hackers for hackers and it strives to be small, compact and fast.

Spectrwm is written in C and configured with a text configuration file. It was previously known as scrotwm.

Installation

Install the spectrwm^AUR package.

Starting

Run spectrwm with xinit.

Configuration

spectrwm looks for the user configuration file in ~/.config/spectrwm/spectrwm.conf and ~/.spectrwm.conf. If none of these exist it opens the global configuration file at /etc/spectrwm.conf. It also supports the XDG Base Directory paths.

Optionally, spectrwm can call baraction.sh (in the user's path), which should output a text status message to stdout for the status bar.

Note: You will need to set an available font for the status bar. Check installed fonts with the fc-list command and set one in the bar_font field in your local configuration file. For example:

~/.spectrwm.conf

bar_font = xos4 Terminus:pixelsize=14

The modkey (the main key to issue commands with) is set to Mod4, which is usually the Super key.

There is also a screen lock key binding, which by default calls xlock from the xlockmore package.

xscreensaver is also useful for screen saving and power management after an idle period and screen locking.

See Xdefaults for details of how to set up fonts, colours and other settings for xterm and xscreensaver. Run xscreensaver-demo to select the animation (or blank) and display power management (recommended).

Keybindings

Default keybindings are in /etc/spectrwm/spectrwm_<<keyboard layout>>.conf. In order to customize keybindings:

Set keyboard_mapping to /dev/null in your ~/.spectrwm.conf

Copy-paste the contents of /etc/spectrwm/spectrwm_<<keyboard layout>>.conf to the end of your ~/.spectrwm.conf.

Multiple monitors (Xinerama)

With a non-Xrandr multiple monitor setup create regions to split the total desktop area into one region per monitor:

region                = screen[1]:1280x1024+0+0
region                = screen[1]:1280x1024+1280+0

Statusbar

To enable the statusbar, uncomment these two items in /etc/spectrwm.conf (or ~/.spectrwm.conf). By default they are commented out and the statusbar is disabled.

bar_action              = baraction.sh
bar_delay               = 5

Bash scripts

To test the status bar, place the following simple baraction.sh in a ~/scripts (or ~/bin) directory which you have previously added to your $PATH in your ~/.bashrc file.

#!/bin/bash
# baraction.sh script for spectrwm status bar

SLEEP_SEC=5  # set bar_delay = 5 in /etc/spectrwm.conf
COUNT=0
#loops forever outputting a line every SLEEP_SEC secs
while :; do
	let COUNT=$COUNT+1
        echo -e "         Hello World! $COUNT"
        sleep $SLEEP_SEC
done

Press Modkey+Q to restart spectrwm and after a few seconds you should see the output in the status bar. If you have problems at this stage, make sure the script is executable, test it from the command line, and check the path/filename you specified in bar_action.

Here are some other ideas for status bar items: ethernet, email notification, disk space, mounts, now playing (mpc current).

The script may also show the date, in which case the built-in clock can be disabled:

clock_enabled     = 0

Conky

Instead of a bash script, Conky may be used. It should be used in non-graphical mode as shown below to output a text string to stdout which can be read in by spectrwm. First install conky. It is not necessary to install the cut-down conky-cli^AUR (although that would work too).

In ~/.spectrwm.conf set

bar_action = conky

Then in each user's ~/.conkyrc file place for example:

out_to_x no
out_to_console yes
update_interval 1.0
total_run_times 0
use_spacer none
TEXT
${time %R %a,%d-%#b-%y} |Mail:${new_mails} |Up:${uptime_short} |Temp:${acpitemp}C |Batt:${battery_short} |${addr wlan0} |RAM:$memperc% |CPU:${cpu}% | ${downspeedf wlan0}

Alternative status bar

An alternative is to use dzen2 to create a status bar. This has the advantage that colors and even icons may be used, but the disadvantage that the bar is not integrated with spectrwm. So the current workspace number and layout and the bar-toggle keybinding are not available. The "region" option can be used to reserve the required screen space.

For example to reserve 14 pixels at the top of the screen:

spectrwm.conf

bar_enabled             = 0
region                  = screen[1]:1024x754+0+14

(adjust for your screen resolution).

Then, for example using i3status to supply the information:

$ i3status | dzen2 -fn -*-terminus-medium-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-* &

Spectrwm's own bar can still be enabled and disabled with Meta+b.

Screenshots

Spectrwm has the facility to execute a script called screenshot.sh with the keybindings

Meta+s − for a full screenshot
Meta+Shift+s − for a screenshot of a single window

First install scrot, then copy the default script supplied in the spectrwm package to a location in your $PATH, for example:

$ cp /usr/share/spectrwm/screenshot.sh ~/bin

Screen locking

By default the lock keybinding Mod+Shift+Delete executes xlock

program[lock]      = xlock

An alternative, if xscreensaver is already running, is to use

program[lock]      = xscreensaver-command -lock

Using spectrwm

To save space, window title bars are not shown. Window borders are one pixel wide. The border changes colour to indicate focus.
Layouts are handled dynamically and can be changed on the fly. There are three standard layouts (stacking algorithms): vertical, horizontal and maximized (indicated in the status bar as [|], [-] and [ ])
There is the concept of a master area (a working area). Any window can be switched to become the master and will then be shown in the master area. The master area is the left (top) portion of the screen in vertical (horizontal) mode. The size of the master area can be adjusted with the keys. By default the master area holds one window, but this can be increased.
The area excluding the master area is called the stacking area. New windows are added to the stacking area. By default the stacking area has one column (row) in vertical (horizontal) mode, but this can be increased.
Windows may be moved to a floating layer, i.e. removed from the tiling management. This is useful for programs which are not suitable for tiling.

Some of the most useful key bindings to be used with Meta:

Shift+Enter: open terminal
p: invokes dmenu (where you can type the start of the program name and Enter)
1 to 0: select workspaces 1 to 10
Shift+1 to Shift+0: move the window to the workspace 1 to 10
Right or Left: select the next or previous workspace
Shift+Right or Shift+Left: select the next or previous screen
Space: cycle through layouts (vertical, horizontal, maximized)
j or k: cycle through windows forwards or backwards
Tab or Shift+Tab: same as Meta+j or Meta+k
Enter: move the current window to the master area
h or l: increase or decrease the size of the master area

Advanced stacking (still accompanying Meta):

, or .: increase or decrease the number of windows in master area (default is 1)
Shift+, or Shift+.: increase or decrease the number of columns(rows) in stacking area in vertical(horizontal) mode (default is 1)
Shift+j or Shift+k: swap window position with the next or previous window
t: toggle between float and tile

Mouse bindings:

Mouseover: focus window
Meta+LeftClick+Drag: move window (and float it if tiled)
Meta+RightClick+Drag: resize floating window
Meta+Shift+RightClick+Drag: resize floating window keeping it centered

Other useful bindings (accompanying Meta):

x: close window
Shift+x: kill window
b: hide or show the status bar
q: restart spectrwm (reset desktops and reread spectrwm configuration without stopping running programs)
Shift+q: exit spectrwm

Troubleshooting

Help, I just logged in and all I see is a blank screen

Press Shift+WinKey+Return and an xterm will start. See spectrwm(1)^{[dead link 2023-04-22]} for other default key bindings. Also check your configuration file.

Why does my window open in a desktop other than the current active one?

Currently the PID of window is used to determine the desktop for new windows. To workaround this with terminals for example, you can often pass an argument to open the terminal in a new process.

Help, Xorg terminates after running startx

Make sure all the dependencies such as xlockmore are installed.

You may also use Xephyr against your xinitrc within another xsession to troubleshoot.