ranger
ranger is a text-based file manager written in Python. Directories are displayed in one pane with three columns. Moving between them is accomplished with keystrokes, bookmarks, the mouse or the command history. File previews and directory contents show automatically for the current selection.
Features include: vi-style key bindings, bookmarks, selections, tagging, tabs, command history, the ability to make symbolic links, several console modes, and a task view. ranger has customizable commands and key bindings, including bindings to external scripts. Ranger also comes with its own file opener, rifle(1).
The closest competitors are lf and Vifm.
Installation
Install the ranger package, or ranger-gitAUR for the development version.
Usage
To start ranger, launch a terminal and run ranger.
| Key | Command |
|---|---|
? |
Open the manual or list keybindings, commands and settings |
l, Enter
|
Launch files |
j, k
|
Select file in the current directory |
h, l
|
Travel up and down in the directory tree |
Configuration
After startup, ranger creates a directory ~/.config/ranger. To copy the default configuration to this directory issue the following command:
$ ranger --copy-config=all
Afterwards, set RANGER_LOAD_DEFAULT_RC=false as an environment variable to avoid loading the global configuration in addition to the local.
-
rc.conf- startup commands and key bindings -
commands.py- commands which are launched with: -
rifle.conf- applications used when a given type of file is launched.
rc.conf only needs to include changes from the default file as both are loaded. For commands.py, if you do not include the whole file, put this line at the top:
from ranger.api.commands import *
See ranger(1) for general configuration.
Move to trash
To add a keybind that moves files to your trash directory ~/.local/share/Trash/files/ with DD, amend the configuration file as follows:
~/.config/ranger/rc.conf
...
map DD shell mv %s /home/${USER}/.local/share/Trash/files/
...
Alternatively, use GIO commandline tool provided by glib2 package:
map DD shell gio trash %s
Inspecting and emptying the "trash" is normally supported by graphical file managers such as nautilus, but you can also see the trash with the command gio list trash://, and empty it with: gio trash --empty.
Defining commands
Continuing the above example, add the following entry to empty the trash directory ~/.Trash.
~/.config/ranger/commands.py
...
class empty(Command):
""":empty
Empties the trash directory ~/.Trash
"""
def execute(self):
self.fm.run("rm -rf /home/myname/.Trash/")
To use it, type :empty and Enter with tab completion as desired.
Color schemes
Ranger comes with four color schemes: default, jungle, snow and solarized.
You can change your color scheme using:
set colorscheme scheme
Custom color schemes can be placed in ~/.config/ranger/colorschemes.
Color highlight in file previews
Install the python-pygments package, then copy /usr/share/doc/ranger/config/scope.sh to ~/.config/ranger/scope.sh and edit the variable PYGMENTIZE_STYLE in the configuration file of ranger to your liking. The complete list of supported themes can be obtained via pygmentize -L style.
File association
Ranger uses its own file opener called rifle.
It is configured in ~/.config/ranger/rifle.conf. Run ranger --copy-config=rifle if it does not exist. For example, the following line makes kile the default program for tex files:
ext tex = kile "$@"
To open all files with xdg-utils, make sure your $EDITOR and $PAGER are set and add:
else = xdg-open "$1" label editor = "$EDITOR" -- "$@" label pager = "$PAGER" -- "$@"
Tips and tricks
Archives
These commands use atool to perform archive operations.
Archive extraction
The following command implements archive extraction of the selected items to the current directory.
import os
from ranger.core.loader import CommandLoader
class extract_here(Command):
def execute(self):
""" extract selected files to current directory."""
cwd = self.fm.thisdir
marked_files = tuple(cwd.get_selection())
def refresh(_):
cwd = self.fm.get_directory(original_path)
cwd.load_content()
one_file = marked_files[0]
cwd = self.fm.thisdir
original_path = cwd.path
au_flags = ['-x', cwd.path]
au_flags += self.line.split()[1:]
au_flags += ['-e']
self.fm.copy_buffer.clear()
self.fm.cut_buffer = False
if len(marked_files) == 1:
descr = "extracting: " + os.path.basename(one_file.path)
else:
descr = "extracting files from: " + os.path.basename(
one_file.dirname)
obj = CommandLoader(args=['aunpack'] + au_flags
+ [f.path for f in marked_files], descr=descr,
read=True)
obj.signal_bind('after', refresh)
self.fm.loader.add(obj)
Compression
The following command allows users to compress several files on the current directory by marking them and then calling :compress package name. It supports name suggestions by getting the basename of the current directory and appending several possibilities for the extension. You need to have atool installed, otherwise you will see an error message when you create the archive.
import os
from ranger.core.loader import CommandLoader
class compress(Command):
def execute(self):
""" Compress marked files to current directory """
cwd = self.fm.thisdir
marked_files = cwd.get_selection()
if not marked_files:
return
def refresh(_):
cwd = self.fm.get_directory(original_path)
cwd.load_content()
original_path = cwd.path
parts = self.line.split()
au_flags = parts[1:]
descr = "compressing files in: " + os.path.basename(parts[1])
obj = CommandLoader(args=['apack'] + au_flags + \
[os.path.relpath(f.path, cwd.path) for f in marked_files], descr=descr, read=True)
obj.signal_bind('after', refresh)
self.fm.loader.add(obj)
def tab(self, tabnum):
""" Complete with current folder name """
extension = ['.zip', '.tar.gz', '.rar', '.7z']
return ['compress ' + os.path.basename(self.fm.thisdir.path) + ext for ext in extension]
External drives
External drives can be automatically mounted with udev or udisks. The default key mappings to go to common mount points /media and /run/media/$USER are gm and gi respectively.
Hidden files
You can toggle the visibility of hidden files with the following command: :set show_hidden!, or use :set show_hidden true to make hidden files visible.
To make this permanent, add the setting to your configuration file:
rc.conf
set show_hidden true
Alternatively, hidden files can be toggled by pressing zh.
Image mounting
The following command assumes you are using CDemu as your image mounter and some kind of system like autofs which mounts the virtual drive to a specified location ('/media/virtualrom' in this case). Do not forget to change mountpath to reflect your system settings.
To mount an image (or images) to a cdemud virtual drive from ranger you select the image files and then type ':mount' on the console. The mounting may actually take some time depending on your setup (in mine it may take as long as one minute) so the command uses a custom loader that waits until the mount directory is mounted and then opens it on the background in tab 9.
import os, time
from ranger.core.loader import Loadable
from ranger.ext.signals import SignalDispatcher
from ranger.ext.shell_escape import *
class MountLoader(Loadable, SignalDispatcher):
"""
Wait until a directory is mounted
"""
def __init__(self, path):
SignalDispatcher.__init__(self)
descr = "Waiting for dir '" + path + "' to be mounted"
Loadable.__init__(self, self.generate(), descr)
self.path = path
def generate(self):
available = False
while not available:
try:
if os.path.ismount(self.path):
available = True
except:
pass
yield
time.sleep(0.03)
self.signal_emit('after')
class mount(Command):
def execute(self):
selected_files = self.fm.thisdir.get_selection()
if not selected_files:
return
space = ' '
self.fm.execute_command("cdemu -b system unload 0")
self.fm.execute_command("cdemu -b system load 0 " + \
space.join([shell_escape(f.path) for f in selected_files]))
mountpath = "/media/virtualrom/"
def mount_finished(path):
currenttab = self.fm.current_tab
self.fm.tab_open(9, mountpath)
self.fm.tab_open(currenttab)
obj = MountLoader(mountpath)
obj.signal_bind('after', mount_finished)
self.fm.loader.add(obj)
New tab in current folder
You may have noticed there are two shortcuts for opening a new tab in home (gn and Ctrl+n). Let us rebind Ctrl+n:
rc.conf
map <c-n> eval fm.tab_new('%d')
PDF file preview
By default, ranger will preview PDF files as text. However, you can preview PDF files as an image in ranger by first converting the PDF file to an image. Ranger stores the image previews in ~/.cache/ranger/. You either need to create this directory manually or set preview_images to true in ~/.config/ranger/rc.conf to tell ranger to create it automatically at the next start. However, note that preview_images does not need to be set to true the whole time to preview PDF file as images, only ~/.cache/ranger directory is needed.
To enable this feature, uncomment the appropriate lines in /usr/share/doc/ranger/config/scope.sh, or add/uncomment these lines in your local file ~/.config/ranger/scope.sh.
Shell tips
Synchronize path
Ranger provides a shell function /usr/share/doc/ranger/examples/shell_automatic_cd.sh. Running ranger_cd instead of ranger will automatically cd to the last browsed folder.
If you launch ranger from a graphical launcher (such as $TERMCMD -e ranger, where TERMCMD is an X terminal), you cannot use ranger_cd. Instead, create an executable script:
ranger-launcher.sh
#!/bin/sh export RANGERCD=true $TERMCMD
And add the following at the end of your shell configuration:
.shellrc
$RANGERCD && unset RANGERCD && ranger_cd
This will launch ranger_cd only if the RANGERCD variable is set. It is important to unset this variable again, otherwise launching a subshell from this terminal will automatically relaunch ranger.
Preventing nested ranger instances
You can start a shell in the current directory with S, when you exit the shell you get back to your ranger instance.
When you however forget that you already are in a ranger shell and start ranger again you end up with ranger running a shell running ranger.
To prevent this you can create the following function in your shell's startup file:
ranger() {
if [ -z "$RANGER_LEVEL" ]; then
/usr/bin/ranger "$@"
else
exit
fi
}
Troubleshooting
Artifacts in image preview
Borderless columns may cause stripes in image previews. [1][dead link 2023-05-07 ⓘ] In ~/.config/ranger/rc.conf set:
set draw_borders true