Broadcom wireless

This article details how to install and setup a Broadcom wireless network device.

History

Broadcom has a noted history with its support for Wi-Fi devices regarding GNU/Linux. For a good portion of its initial history, Broadcom devices were either entirely unsupported or required the user to tinker with the firmware. The limited set of wireless devices that were supported were done so by a reverse-engineered driver. The reverse-engineered b43 driver was introduced in the 2.6.24 kernel.

In August 2008, Broadcom released the 802.11 Linux STA driver officially supporting Broadcom wireless devices on GNU/Linux. This is a restrictively licensed driver and it does not work with hidden ESSIDs, but Broadcom promised to work towards a more open approach in the future.

In September 2010, Broadcom released a fully open source driver. The brcm80211 driver was introduced in the 2.6.37 kernel and in the 2.6.39 kernel it was sub-divided into the brcmsmac and brcmfmac drivers.

The types of available drivers are:

Driver	Description
brcm80211	Kernel driver mainline version (recommended)
b43	Kernel driver reverse-engineered version
broadcom-wl	Broadcom driver with restricted license

Driver selection

To know what driver(s) are operable on the computer's Broadcom wireless network device, the device ID and chipset name will need to be detected. Cross-reference them with the driver list of supported brcm80211 and b43 devices.

$ lspci -vnn -d 14e4:

Installation

brcm80211

The kernel contains two built-in open-source drivers: brcmfmac for native FullMAC and brcmsmac for mac80211-based SoftMAC. They should be automatically loaded when booting.

Note:

brcmfmac supports newer chipsets, and supports AP mode, P2P mode, or hardware encryption.
brcmsmac only supports old chipsets like BCM4313, BCM43224, BCM43225.

Chips supported by the brcm80211 driver can be found in [1].

b43

Two reverse-engineered open-source drivers are built-in to the kernel: b43 and b43legacy. b43 supports most newer Broadcom chipsets, while the b43legacy driver only supports the early BCM4301 and BCM4306 rev.2 chipsets. To avoid erroneous detection of your WiFi cards chipset, blacklist the unused driver.

Both of these drivers require non-free firmware to function. Install b43-firmware^AUR, b43-firmware-classic^AUR, or b43legacy-firmware^AUR depending on the chipset.

Note:

If unsure which firmware package you need, check the output of dmesg and search for "b43". If you see a message like Loading firmware b43/ucode4.fw, you need either b43-firmware^AUR or b43-firmware-classic^AUR. If you see a message like Loading firmware b43legacy/ucode4.fw, you need the b43legacy-firmware^AUR package.
BCM4306 rev.3, BCM4311, BCM4312 and BCM4318 rev.2 have been noticed to experience problems with b43-firmware. Use b43-firmware-classic^AUR or b43legacy-firmware^AUR for these cards instead.
BCM4331 noticed to have problems with b43-firmware-classic. Use b43-firmware^AUR for this card instead, or switch to the broadcom-wl mentioned below for a more stable experience.

The b43 should be loaded automatically, but you may need to explicitly load the module at boot.

broadcom-wl

The factual accuracy of this article or section is disputed.

Reason: Is it still necessary to mention the blacklist override? (Discuss in Talk:Broadcom wireless#Installation: broadcom-wl is in the official repos now)

There are two variants of the restrictively licensed driver:

the regular variant: broadcom-wl
the DKMS variant: broadcom-wl-dkms

Tip: The DKMS variant broadcom-wl-dkms

is kernel agnostic. This means it supports different kernels you may use (e.g. linux-ck^AUR).
is kernel-release agnostic, too. It will be automatically rebuilt after every kernel upgrade or fresh installation. If you use broadcom-wl or another kernel release dependant variant, it may happen that kernel upgrades break wireless from time to time until the packages are in sync again.
will need the linux-headers package for the installed kernel(s) in order to build the module. Those packages are optional to the DKMS package and will need to be installed manually.

Offline installation

An Internet connection is the ideal way to install the broadcom-wl driver; many newer laptops with Broadcom cards forgo Ethernet ports, so a USB Ethernet adapter or Android tethering may be helpful. If you have neither, you will need to first install the base-devel package during installation. Then, use another Internet-connected computer to download linux-headers and the driver tarball from the AUR, and install them in that order.

Manually

Warning: This method is not recommended. Drivers that are un-tracked can become problematic or nonfunctional on system updates.

Install the appropriate driver for your system architecture from the Broadcom website. After this, to avoid driver/module collisions with similar modules and make the driver available, do:

# rmmod b43
# rmmod ssb
# modprobe wl

The wl module should automatically load lib80211 or lib80211_crypt_tkip otherwise they will have to be manually loaded.

If the driver does not work at this point, you may need to update dependencies:

# depmod -a

If needed, load the module at boot. It is recommended that you blacklist conflicting modules.

Known issues

Ethernet card is not detected

Broadcom wireless module has a history of conflicting with Broadcom Ethernet module.

Due to conflicts between wl (wireless module) and tg3 (Ethernet module), tg3 is now blacklisted as of broadcom-wl-dkms 6.30.223.271-27[2]. See also FS#70476.

This also affects broadcom-wl as it is built based on broadcom-wl-dkms.

Troubleshooting

Setting broadcom-wl in monitor mode

Monitor mode is used to capture 802.11 frames over the air. This can be useful for diagnosing issues on a network or testing the security of your wireless network. Often, monitor mode is required to capture certain frames for wireless penetration testing, but it may be unethical or even illegal to capture frames on any network you do not own, manage or have permission to perform penetration testing against.

To set broadcom-wl in monitor mode you have to set 1 to /proc/brcm_monitor0:

# echo 1 > /proc/brcm_monitor0

It will create a new network interface called prism0.

To work in monitor mode, use this newly created network interface.

Device inaccessible after kernel upgrade

Since the 3.3.1 kernel the bcma module was introduced. If using a brcm80211 driver be sure it has not been blacklisted. It should be blackisted if using a b43 driver.

If you are using broadcom-wl, uninstall and reinstall it after upgrading your kernel or switch to broadcom-wl-dkms package.

Device with broadcom-wl driver not working/showing

Be sure the correct modules are blacklisted and occasionally it may be necessary to blacklist the brcm80211 drivers if accidentally detected before the wl driver is loaded. Furthermore, update the modules dependencies depmod -a, verify the wireless interface with ip addr, kernel upgrades will require an upgrade of the non-DKMS package.

Interface is showing but not allowing connections

Append the following kernel parameter:

b43.allhwsupport=1

Suppressing console messages

You may continuously get some verbose and annoying messages during the boot, similar to

phy0: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: arp filtering: enabled true, count 0 (implement)
phy0: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: qos enabled: false (implement)
phy0: brcms_ops_bss_info_changed: arp filtering: enabled true, count 1 (implement)
enabled, active

To disable those messages, increase the loglevel of printk messages that get through to the console - see Silent boot#sysctl.

Device BCM43241 not detected

This device will not display with either lspci nor lsusb; there is no known solution yet.

Device BCM43241 EFI Vars

As per the driver page it may be necessary to copy the efi vars before the driver will operate correctly. However the expected path depends on your system.

# dmesg | grep bcrm

...
Direct firmware load for bcrm/your driver.your device failed with error -2

Write the efi vars into the referenced location, e.g. on a thinkpad tablet:

$ cat /sys/firmware/efi/efivars/nvram-74b00bd9-805a-4d61-b51f-43268123d113 > /lib/firmware/brcm/brcmfmac43241b5-sdio.LENOVO-20C1002PUK.txt

Connection is unstable with some routers

If no other approaches help, install linux-lts, or use a previous driver version.

No 5GHz for BCM4360 (14e4:43a0) / BCM43602 (14e4:43ba) devices

Issue appears to be linked to a channel issue. Changing the wireless channel to a lower channel number (like 40 or, if your router show MHz instead of channel numbers, like 5200 MHz or 5280 MHz) seems to allow connection to 5GHz bands. If your router has the same SSID for the 2.4GHZ and 5GHZ, this can fix problems with your wireless connection being unstable or very slow.

Device works intermittently

In some cases (e.g. using BCM4331 and b43-firmware^AUR), wifi connection works intermittently. One way to fix this is to check if the card is hard-blocked or soft-blocked by kernel, and if it is, unblock it with rfkill.

SSH freeze for BCM4331 with b43

The b43-firmware^AUR driver has been observed hanging in ssh sessions with BCM4331. Installing broadcom-wl and removing b43 solves it.

BRCM43430 not found during installation

If you have a brcm43430 connected via SDIO, you are unable to see the device after booting the installation ISO, because in the delivered image is missing a default parameter file for the device: brcmfmac43430-sdio.txt.

To overcome the problem, you have to download brcmfmac43430-sdio.txt on another machine, and copy it on a different pendrive.

After booting the install ISO you need to copy the file to the /lib/firmware/brcm/ directory. Then follow these steps in order to activate it:

stop iwd.service
unload the kernel module: modprobe -r brcmfmac
load the kernel module: modprobe brcmfmac
start iwd.service

After that you can start iwctl that now should find your device, and proceed with the installation as usual.

After completing the installation, do not forget to copy the file to the target disk to the same location.